Ubuntu
introduction to os
Introduction to os
operating system so operating
system is a course that is very important as far as compute science is concerned and also electronic students you may have this subject in your course so it is equally important
and this subject it consists mainly of theory as well as problems so we will first see the theory and also we will be
solving the problems related to this subject and we will see what this subject means and what we can learn from this subject so first of all this is just an introduction to operating system and we will see what this operating system actually means and what are the functions of this operating system what are the types of operating systems that we have and we will just try to get a brief idea of this subject all right so let's get started so here it says that an operating system also abbreviated as OS is a program that manages the computer hardware and it also says it also provides a basis for application programs and acts as an intermediary between computer user and computer hardware so before we understand these two lines I will be explaining it to you with a diagram so before we go into this diagram here are some examples of some operating systems that we widely use these days first is your windows so you may be using Windows in your desktop or your laptops so it is one of the famous operating systems used by many people and also we have Linux and Ubuntu which are also two open-source operating systems that are widely used in your desktops laptops and other devices and then we have the Mac OS which is the operating system from Apple so in their laptops or in their mac books they used Mac OS X and then in iPhones we find iOS operating systems and then we have the very famous Android which you must be having in your phones so Android is one of the famous operating systems that is used for your mobile devices all right so now before we try to understand these two lines that we have written here let us take a diagram to understand the basic structure of computer system so that we can understand what is an operating system and what does an operating syste
actually do so here I have a diagram which represents the basic structure or the basic components of a computer system so first of all in the lowermost level we have the computer hardware and what are computer hardware computer hardware it consists of resources like CPU which is a central processing unit and then memory and then the i/o devices which means input/output devices so your resources like the processing units your CPU and also your memory memory consists of primary memory like your ramps and your secondary memory like your roams
these things also I will be explaining it in a detail way in another lecture so let's first know that our memory as well as the i/o devices IO devices means the input/output devices these are the devices that you use for either giving input to your system or for getting output out of your system so examples of input devices will include your devices like your keyboards mouse your microphones these are devices that you use for giving input into the system and then output devices would be that devices that you use for getting output out of your systems that would be your devices like monitors or speakers which gives you output or which shows you or makes you hear the output those are your output devices so all these things they fall under computer hardware so we generally refer them to as resources alright and then on top of this we have the operating system but for now let us just forget this operating system for a while just let's just assume that it is not there and then on top of this operating system we have the system or the application programs now there are two kinds of software's we have which is system software and application software and system software's are the software's that are used to directly modify or directly give some command to that computer hardware and operating system is also a kind of system software but let's not think about that and just not get confused hearing that butters mainly try to understand water application programs application programs are the programs or software's that are used to perform a specific task and that can be directly used by the user and these are some examples that we have here versus a word processor word processors are like your Microsoft Office Word which are software's used for making document files I have believed that we have all used Microsoft Word and then we have spreadsheets spreadsheets are like your Microsoft Excel ok that is used for making tabular data or for making some calculations in your table or data and then we have compilers so if you are a computer science student you may be knowing what compilers are so compilers are the software's that we use for writing our computer code like your codes like C++ C or Java these are written into your compilers and then we have the text editors text editors are editors useful modifying or writing text like your notepad WordPad etc and then we have web browsers web browsers are the software's that enable you to browse the web even as you are watching this video in YouTube you may be using some web browser to view this and examples of this are Google Chrome Mozilla Firefox Internet Explorer and so on so this is not the only application program that we have we have many many application programs and these are just few examples I took to make you understand so these are the application programs we have and on top of that we have the users that is like users like you and me who are trying to use this softwares for performing specific tasks so let us take a simple example that this user one he wants to use the word processor let's say it is Microsoft Office Word so we want to use Word for typing some documents and he wants to save it to his system so let's see how he does it so we imagine that there is no operating system over here we just have this user and the application programs and then the computer hardware so if you wants to write a document or if you want to type something into Microsoft Word then he have to tell the computer how where that he wants to do it now how can he do it since there is no operating system he have to explicitly tell the computer hardware what he wants to do in the form of code so he have to first open the Microsoft Word and he have to tell the computer hardware that I want to load Microsoft Word so please load it into the main memory and then after it is loaded he has to type something and when he typed something whatever he types it has to be displayed on the monitor he have to tell the computer hardware to do even that you have to tell please display the things that I am typing on the computer screen or on the monitor and then after doing all that he have to save it and even for saving it you have to tell the computer hardware that yeah I am done with all my typing and now please save this file with a particular file name to my hard disk so for each and every small on my new task you have to perform you have to explicitly tell the computer hardware what to do and how do you communicate to it in the form of codes you have to write source code you have to write codes for each and everything that you have to perform so we see that it is a very tedious task or it is a very difficult task to do this if there is no operating system you have to manually tell the computer hardware each and everything that you have to do so if it was like this then nobody would actually use a computer system or at least common people would not use the computer system because it is such a tedious thing and it is very difficult to perform even the simplest of tasks so in order to avoid this or to overcome this problem what we have is an operating system so the operating system resides between the computer hardware and the users so it is a intermediary that acts between the computer hardware and user so let us take our first example that we have taken suppose the user one wants to type something and save it into his Microsoft Word so what he does he just double click on the Microsoft Word and then the rest of the things the operating system takes care of it it just opens it for him and then it makes the screen read for him for typing and whatever he types it the operating system tells the hardware what to do so that it will be typed and displayed on the screen and everything that otherwise would have to be done manually by the user is now taken care of by the operating system and after typing it he has to save it when he saves it the operating system tells the computer Hardware where to save it and how to save it and how much memory to allocate or saving it and everything is done by the operating system so all those my new things which we otherwise had to do in the absence of operating system is now done by the operating system and it becomes very easy for the user to use the computer system so the user just opens the computer he just takes or opens what he wants to use it and he just uses it and all the underlying things that has to happen all the communication that has to happen between the computer hardware and the user is taken care of by the operating
system it does all for the user and does the computing or the usage of computer becomes very easy for the users because of the presence of the operating system so that is the main task of an operating system now if we look back at these two lines that we have written now it will make sense and now you would understand what it actually means so let's read it once again an operating system is a program that manages the computer hardware yes we saw that the computer hardware how with resources like CPU memory i/o devices everything is managed by the operating system now and then it also provides a basis for application programs and acts as intermediary between the computer user and the computer hardware so it provides a basis for the application programs so here we have our application programs and it is installed on the operating system it provides a base for the application programs and also it acts as an intermediary between the computer user and the computer hardware so here we have the users and here we have the hardware and in the operating system it acts like an intermediary between the user and the hardware thus making the process of computation and the usage of computers seamless and very easy for the users so that is the main fun of an operating system and I hope that made you understand what an operating system actually does now we will be seeing some of the types of operating systems that we have and also the functions of operating system and what are the goals that an operating system needs to achieve so here I have some types of operating system personas badge operating system then time-sharing operating system distributed operating system network operating system a real-time operating system multi programming multi processing and multitasking operating systems so it is not limited to just this but these are some main types of operating systems that we have and don't worry even if you don't understand them I will be doing another lecture where I will explain all the types of this operating system in a clear manner I am just introducing this to you so that you just get used to the terms that we have here so all this types of operating system they perform in a different way based on the need that we have so just remember that much and you can keep this few points in mind and then let's see what are the functions of OS so the main functions of OS are number one is it is an interface between the user and the hardware yes we just saw that right now we have users here and we have the hardware here and it acts like an interface between the user and hardware and then the second point is allocation of resources so I already told you what I mean by resources here what we mean by resources are the hardware that we have like the central processing unit the memory and the input/output devices so when I user or when different users wants to use the different resources so they have to be allocated our resources are not unlimited we have a limited resources that means we have limited hardware so how this resources should be allocated to users in such a way that everybody gets their share and it performs in an efficient manner all this is done by the operating system so it allocates resources to different users or different processes in a good manner that is the function of the operating system and then it does the management of memory secure etc so I told you even when we were typing this word processor we have to first load it into the main memory then after typing it it has to be saved into the secondary memory or the hard disk so don't worry if you don't understand what is main memory secondary memory and all this I will be explaining all this to you in a clearer way in the coming lectures so just want you to understand that how the memory is managed so how things are stored or where they are stored everything is managed by the operating system and how securely it is done that is also managed light operating systems so these are some of the main functions of operating system and now let us see what are the goals of an operating system so we have studied this much now we must be knowing just by studying all these functions of operating system and what it does we can just assume what its goals will be number one is convenience so I told you in that example if we were not having an operating system how tedious or how tough it would be to execute even the smallest of tasks by the user but having an operating system on top of our computer hardware makes it very easy for the user to communicate to the compter hardware so it becomes a very convenient thing for the user to have this operating system so the first goal of operating system is to provide convenience and then the second point is efficiency now what do we mean by efficiency if you were not having the operating system and let's say we have different users trying to access these resources and how would you efficiently manage the resources that you should get this much resources or the other users should get this much resources so if you do it manually it is going to be very tough and that is very less chance that you can efficiently manage it so operating system by taking care of all these allocations of resources and management of memory and everything it provides you an efficient usage of your system so the first point is a convenience and then the second point is efficiency so many operating systems are designed mainly for convenience some are design designed for efficiency but mostly most or we can say many of the operating system are designed for both for both convenience as well as efficiency so these are the goals of operating system which we achieve by the functions of this operating system so in this lecture we have seen that types of OS we have seen the functions of OS and we have seen what is the basic structure and the basic components we have in our computer system and we see what the operating system actually does in order to make computation very easy for us and we have also seen some examples of the operating systems that we widely use so I hope this was clear to you this was just an introduction to just get you started so that you can know what an operating system actually is and now you must be understanding.....
Modern Technology (information in English)
Modern Technonogy.....
a 1 good morning to an entire person here I machine every knife from nirmala higher secondary school more tip yeah stand here to talk a few words about technology and how it has greatly affected our lives technology is changing our lives by increasing the speed of time we were humans we introduced and developed technology for changing our life to its best but now that technology is changing our lives every second today technology is now trying to get assigned out it inside our body exact it is human blood and emotions so far technology successful in that no no no there are multi various benefits of technology but we must never forget that anything that comes to us has its own share of pros and cons if I say that technology has change our education system are you going to denied no you won't you can't earlier schools were so far from home getting knowledge data information etc we are not so cute and flexible but today anybody can do an online course or online degrees using way with various contents technology earlier a letter used to take 10 days to reach this this nation but now what is the status today with a single click the involve information is it the other end now then you know there are many false positive sites of technology but there are some negative sites as well now technology is creating many crazy and new kinds of habits like digital addiction technology a sport lifestyle changes in many humans 30 years ago people used to have friends and families they used to enjoy their life real-time but now it's the same today but in social medias without any emotions and the bigger problem witness is unemployment due to much involvement of technology machinery has replaced human labor needing to unemployment in many sectors now you may remember in TNI itself a new hot love started where robots are serving the food by the introduction of technology human dozens have been taken our by artificial dozens but I would like to say that technology is the king humans are sleeeeep but if the slave is clever and knowledgeable enough he can manipulate the king technology should be a flower of life not the productivity killer thank you and have a nice day....
Sound Engineer(information in english)
Sound Engineer......
hello and welcome to another blog for freshers. well blogs and jobs and careers today we would be discussing about careers and scope of a sound engineer. sound engineering is one of the branches of engineering discipline which deals with the study of music movies and theater in recording manipulation mixing and reproduction. this field is challenging but at the same time rewarding as well sound engineers develop a high-quality recording of music speech and sound effects in studios. they use technical instruments to produce sound for film radio television .
they usually arrive at the concert site before the performers and I involved in unloading and setting up the equipment and instruments along with the road crew now what is the scope there are engineers to record the sound for commercial music recordings radio television films advertisement videos website computer mobile games and many more it is one of the major revenue production fields and the importance is also higher the scope of a sound engineer in India is limited but it has huge potential for growth in entertainment industry the demand for the sound engineers are increasing constantly now what are the career option career opportunities for sound engineer and technicians are available in various fields like radio stations TV channel studios multimedia design animation advertising firms movies and more one can adopt two specialized courses in technical skills such as sequencing mastering editing and recording with proper experience he or she can become studio managers now what other job roles sound ingenious audio engineers studio manager production assistant.
assistant engineer acoustic consultant digital remastering engineer live sound engineer multimedia developer studio designer studio technician now who can study this course candidates who have passed 10+2 in physics chemistry and mathematics as compulsory subjects can pursue sound engineering and bachelor degree level candidates who have passed degree in sound engineering are eligible to pursue sound engineering in master and doctorate level at Indian and foreign universities now top colleges or universities in India offering sound engineering are iit kharagpur film and television Institute of India Pune National Institute of film and Fine Arts in Kolkata Asian Academy of Film & Television in Delhi growth an institute of film technology kasarkode a now career prospects salary and job opportunities after completing the course the entertainment industry is the prime job provider one may work as a sound engineer in movies by starting out one will have to work as an assistant or a technician gradually.
one will be able to climb up the career ladder apart from film industry one may also work in sectors such as advertisements documentaries acoustics which include auditorium studios concert halls and other musical events etc talking about the starting salary it is generally around 15 to 20 thousand rupees per month but time and further work experience this figure will rise significantly industry experts and leading sound engineers earn well more than one lakh rupees per month there is also an emerging yet in very promising freelance marketing for music mixing and mastering engineers but a very high standard of service is expected from such freelancers the pay is awesome you would be able to earn surplus of 30000 rupees by just mixing and mastering a handful of projects we would suggest you to be updated with the latest courier and job opportunities available at www.freshersworld.com so log in and start applying for your dream jobs we'd like to hear your feedback on the video set we upload also you can write to us about the topics you would like us to discuss about for more videos please like and subscribe to Flash's well videos and jobs and careers you will be back with more videos and interesting topics thank you
Digitalization ( Information in English)
Digitalization....
every day organizations are striving to create perfect places we understand that there are numerous challenges that may arise from achieving this goal from meeting customer and staff expectations managing operating costs ensuring safety and security of people and assets or achieving demanding sustainability targets but our world is evolving and advancements in technologies bring new opportunities to overcome these challenges and gain efficiencies the building industry alone is undergoing a major transformation buildings are talking and generating massive amounts of data at Siemens we support our customers with the digital transformation of their buildings through our combination of people expertise technology and services we focus on not only capturing and analyzing the right data but also generating data-driven insight and taking action this enables us to better support our customers in creating an even greater competitive advantage for their core business Siemens strong local presence and more than 75,000 connected buildings around the globe give us a solid foundation to constantly develop new and innovative solutions our customers confide in us to optimize their assets performance identify cost reduction opportunities increase productivity of their staff or enhance their buildings value with our unique domain expertise the right technologies and lifecycle services it's no wonder customers from all over the world are turning to Siemens to help create their perfect place.
Automotive Engineer(Information in English )
Automotive Engineer.....
This blog is going to cover automotive engineering. how to get into the field and a few examples what's going on in the field but first let's define some things automotive engineering is about the design manufacturing and operation of cars motorcycles trucks and other automobiles there are a lot of sub disciplines within automotive engineering and there are many things you can work on when it comes to an automobile for example you could work on the safety aspect and assessing various crash scenarios whether it be on the computer to doing actual crash testing cars needing to meet certain standards to protect the driver and passengers the frame of the car would have to be designed properly such that energy from a crash is absorbed or moved away from the driver like I said in a previous video cars are meant to crumple in an accident as engineers to design them like that to save lives of the people inside.
if the car was extremely strong and no damage was done to it all that energy would be transferred to the people inside there's performance and analyzing how fast the car can accelerate how quickly you can come to a complete stop which of course is important and more there's vehicle dynamics and looking at things like braking handling and steering and how the vehicle will respond the engineer who works on this enough to analyze or design the braking the tires and wheels suspension they could work on the frame as well and more there's the fuel economy where you look at fuel efficiency in miles per gallon and test car emissions such as hydrocarbons carbon monoxide carbon dioxide and so on but of course this wouldn't be the case for electric vehicles there's a shift quality where you focus more on the transmission the durability of the car electronics and much more overall just note that there are many components to a vehicle common jobs would be like designing on the computer testing and actually working with a physical vehicle or even manufacturing.
where your help with the making of the vehicle and its components now when it comes to college automotive engineering is rarely offered as a major at least for undergrad the most common major to go into is mechanical engineering and then you would pursue careers in the automotive industry or you get your masters needing PhD in automotive engineering but that's not the only option if you want to work on cars I said before that materials engineers can work on cars electrical engineers can work on cars especially with electric cards becoming a thing computer scientists are even needed for self-driving cars to write the programs for the autopilot as an example and there's even mechatronics which may be its own major depending on your school or just a subfield of mechanical engineering but this can lead you to working on the car control systems and similar aspects.
these are just to name a few so you can work on cars through various majors but mechanical is just the most common one people think of and also depends on which aspect of the vehicle you want to work off now a huge area of research you probably all know is self-driving cars companies like Tesla uber Google Toyota Ford General Motors and more are all aiming to get self-driving cars out on the road now we do have self-driving cars right now but there are restrictions to them and at the moment we are still waiting for a fully autonomous vehicle that's available to consumers but Elon Musk says that we should have a self-driving car that can go from LA to New York completely on its own in the near future though there are plenty of obstacles that exist like being able to sense unexpected encounters like an officer directing traffic or a broken stoplight you need to deal with ethical decisions.
what to do in a life-and-death situation operating safely in various weather conditions and so on so lots of Engineers will be needed for this can self driving cars have many components to them as well just to name a few there's the lidar or light detection and ranging which basically uses light to detect surroundings and what you see on the top of the Google car here is an example there's the GPS which the car uses to navigate to its destination and so that it knows where you are there's the radar system which is also used to map out the surroundings but using lower frequency waves than light or what the lidar uses and this has its advantages as one example Leiter will not work with heavy fog whereas radar will and then there's cameras which read the road and the surroundings as well but they can also read traffic light and research is going into putting these together with even more components to make a safe self-driving car but even though self-driving cars seem to be the main thing happening other aspects of cars are also trying to be optimized take the new Audi a8 suspension this new suspension system incorporates an electric motor for each individual wheel there's a camera on the front that reads the rode into text bumps so that the air suspension can coincide with those bumps and with those precise reactions you can nearly eliminate vibrations working with the camera and transmission of data could be worked on by an electrical or maybe computer engineer but the suspension system itself in doing tests on vibration would be something a mechanical engineer would do those research going on on materials that aim to make a lighter but safer cars this may involve looking at different types of metals that have different properties like varying strength and density a lot of the metals in cars today did not exist just 15 years ago and we are still continuing to make advancements in this area now just to show again how much there is to work on I found the Forbes article that I linked below that's titled what will mechanical engineers do after most cars go electric which is a fair question because electric cars don't have an internal combustion engine and so are the mechanical engineers needed well of course they are even though mechanical engineers do work on engines most of them work on other stuff think about what a car really has the airbag the trunk mechanism the suspension shock absorbers the frame of the car the windshield and even the windshield wipers everything that a car has someone and usually multiple people have to work on design tests and manufacture the article even really shows you the detail and they say how even the plastic taillight cover had to made accurately and economically so that I could fit the car and another engineer even had to design the machine that makes that taillight there's so much more detail than you may think about all the things that we use so yes mechanical engineers are of course still needed now when it comes to companies you want to work at you may think of some of the typical ones like Honda Toyota for Tesla and so on but there are also suppliers for these companies and I saw multiple articles state that you might even do more of the cool design work at those places that you probably haven't heard of for example take Honda as an example huge company that I'm sure everyone
watching knows of but do you think every single part of a Honda is made by them at their plants because they actually are not many other companies help with certain parts I'm sure most people haven't heard of the majority of these companies according to invest opee do you see on a motive supplies Honda's windshields Takata supplies their airbags BorgWarner supplies to automatic transmission systems automatic spring products supplies to sea components and there are more so even if you don't land a job at Honda or Toyota just realize how many more companies there are that you can work at now something like windshields may not sound very exciting but if you go to the AGC automotives website which I said is the company that supplies their windshields and look at their products you'll see a lot of things things like heads-up displays on windshields which basically display dashboard information on the windshield so drivers can say focus on the road there's high insulating glass for heat transfer optimization to maximize comfort they're trying to make lighter windshields to help improve the car's mpg by reducing weight and they're even working on glass where what's the press of a button you can control how much light and heat comes in which helps reduce the need for a/c so when people say they want to work on cars just realize there's way more to it than you may think you may help design the overall concept of a new vehicle but you might help design the windshields the suspension the frame of the car and raise other specific aspects of these vehicles in college you want to make sure you also get involved in automotive projects looking to join the Society of Automotive Engineers or SAE which your school might offer then you'll be updated on competitions you can participate in look up the Formula SAE which is a student competition amongst college students or they aim to design a formula style race car like the one you see here based on certain rules such as which engine you might have to use then your scored by a variety of factors like costs of manufacturing acceleration fuel economy endurance etc there's also an electric vehicle competition done by this organization you'll work with a team get hands-on experience and you have a great thing to put on your resume so I hope this gave you a general summary of what automotive engineering .
graphic Designing vs Motion Designing (difference between them in English...)
Graphic Designing vs... Motion Designing
hi guys welcome back my another blog in this blog we are going to talk about graphic designer versus motion graphic designer so what is the difference between these two both and which field is best for you if you are going to choose one of them so without any further ado let's see so first of all we will talk about graphic designing so here are the software's which graphic designer to use mostly adobe photoshop adobe illustrator adobe indesign and adobe xd and coral draw so these are five softwares so basically illustrator and photoshop these are the most important software for graphic designer now let's talk about the work of graphic designer what actually graphic designer do so basically a graphic designer create a image a photo so that photo can be a banner a post flare a poster so at the end a graphic designer create only an image a photo so that is the thing which graphic design do so there is more example for graphic designer work so you can check out on the internet now let's talk about motion graphic designer so first of all you will see the software so here are the software adobe after effects adobe photoshop adobe premiere pro and adobe animator so these are the softwares which motion graphic designer use but mostly adobe after effects is the best software for motion graphic designer and now we will talk about what actually motion graphic designer do so motion graphic designer do animation animation can be like a animated banner intro introduction and vfx infographic animation so at the end a motion graphic designer do animation animation means 2d animation like he or her has a task the task is he have to animate a banner so first of all he'll create the banner using adobe illustrator or adobe photoshop then he has the composition so the banner is composition for him now he will take a composition to after effects then he'll animate the banner so that is the thing what actually motion graphic designer do sometimes the graphics actually done by graphic designer then graphic designer move the files to a motion graphic designer then he'll do the work now.
let's talk about the scope for these two fields so like this is 2022 and this whole world is digitally i believe so the digital world only exists because of graphic design because all the things on social media it's only a mage image like a photo a photo so who created the photo only graphic designer and motion graphic designer now the graphic designer trend is little bit old but some graphic designer actually animate and give animation to our image so that thing very amazing for a simple user so you see the animation in a photo in a image and the scope for motion graphic designer is actually on trending and there is few competitors for motion graphic designer field so you can try this field and this is going up in this world in this future so now you want to choose motion graphic designer field but you must have experience in graphic designing so first of all what you have to do first of all learn graphic designing then move to motion graphic design so that is the thing and if you are a graphic designer you can move on to motion graphic designing so both feels actually same but in motion graphic designer you have to learn some animation so at the end i will suggest You the best field for you that is motion graphic designing because this motion graphic is actually going up in this world and every company every every simple person wants his product in Animation i hope you enjoyed the blog and got idea about these two fields so i'll meet you in the next blog until then thank you so much.......
Data Types in C (part 2)
Data Types in C....... Today, we will continue our discussion on integer data type. Our outline for today...
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Ethical Hacking💻 वैसे जिस तेजी से सायबर क्राईमस आजकल बढते जा रहे है . हर बिझनेस ऑर...