linux

Linux.......
  
    

    hello and welcome to the techisagar
 in today's.. I will give you guys
  a  quick introduction to Linux and 
 I'm gonna show you how to use some 
 very useful introductory Linux
 commands using a terminal window 
now just to be clear this is a course 
for beginners who want to learn how to
use command on a Linux terminal now
for  those of you guys who are not 
familiar with Linux at all let's give
 you a quick  perspective Linux is
 not Unix UNIX  was created by a bunch
 of AT&T employees in 1969 Linux was 
written by a name AGGA by a guy named 
Linus  travolt who created the entire 
thing by himself and released it 
around 1991  now Linux is a powerful 
operating system but it is especially 
designed for server systems and 90% of
 the world's fastest computers like
supercomputers run on  some form of 
Linux and this is because a rock-solid 
system okay so that was a quick history
 on Linux that was just to give you a 
perspective now Linux and UNIX are
 different just remember that now one 
more thing before we dive in Linux
 comes in many different varieties 
which are called distros or
distributions in this tutorial we 
will Use the popular Ubuntu
 distribution of Linux but there are
 others out there as well such as 
Fedora mint and Debian and more even 
Android is a Linux distribution so the
 basic commands we
 will rerun it we will be running and 
learning today can be generally used
 on almost all different Linux 
distributions alright so let me go 
ahead and launch Linux and I just 
wanna let you know I'm running Linux 
on my Windows so what you do is you 
install VirtualBox which is right here
 so let me launch that and inside a 
virtual box you can install any 
operating system possible so I have 
put Ubuntu Linux in side of VirtualBox 
on my Windows 7 machine ok so let me 
run this up and I just wanna let you 
know you can actually find a link in 
the description below which tells you 
how to install VirtualBox and Linux on 
your windows 7 .
        if you want to go ahead and do
 that but this is the Ubuntu Linux 
that is launching right now ok so here 
you're looking at bound to Linux and 
before we dive into the commands I'm 
going to show you something real 
quick what you're seeing here all 
these icons all this desktop all this 
nice graphical features this is called 
the GUI GUI this is called the 
graphical user interface now we're not
 worried about that today what we're
worried about is the CLI which is 
called a command line interface so you 
have to launch a terminal to go into 
the command line interface and then 
once you are search for an app you can
 type in terminal which brings up the
 terminal right here and then you can
 actually click that and that is the 
terminal we will be working with all 
right so the first command we will be 
looking at today is the PWD command 
oops it's not typing okay p WD command 
PWD command stands for print working 
directory so when I press ENTER it 
actually tells me which directory I am
 currently located at so if I go to 
my own folder browser I am actually in 
home sake which is right here so I'm 
looking at all these guys on my 
command prompt.
      now the second command I want to 
show you guys is the LS command when 
you press LS it gives you a listing of 
everything which is in the current 
directory so the current directory is 
the sake directory which is my 
username and under home inside of
home I've got all these guys so I've
got the desktop downloads music public 
videos and if you come over here that's
 all the same stuff you're gonna see
 in a regular File Explorer so here's
 the desktop documents downloads music
 same stuff that you see here so that 
is the LS command it's it's it stands 
for list and when you list it lists 
whatever is inside of your current 
directory again PWD stands for print
 working directory so it tells you 
where you are currently located in
now as you can see when you have a 
pretty graphical user interface you 
can see everything right in front of 
you but if you have a command line 
interface like this one a terminal 
you're not gonna be able to see 
anything so if I clear this that's 
all you see so you have no idea where 
you are okay so to see where you are 
PWD to see what you have at where you 
are you type in list now the next
command I'm going to show you is 
called a CD command and CD command
 has a lot of variations CD is used
 for navigation so let's say I want 
to go to the Downloads folder.   
       how do I go there I type in CD 
and I type in downloads the name of 
the folder and just remember
 everything
 has to be exactly as it appears so the
 in in Linux everything is 
case-sensitive so this cannot be a 
small d it has to be capitalized just 
like it is here okay so if I type in 
CD downloads now I am in the downloads
 folder okay and how do I know I'm in
 downloads folder PWD it actually 
tells you right here so I'm in home 
slash sake / downloads okay and let's 
see what we have in downloads right 
now type in list and there's nothing 
in downloads so that's all launch this
 again go to downloads and as you can 
see download directory is actually 
empty okay so if it is empty you're 
not gonna see anything here now let's 
say I want to go back to my home 
directory my sake directory how do I
 go back so CD takes you into a folder 
and if you want to go out what you do 
is you type in CD space two dots and 
that takes you back to the previous 
directory that you were focused on now 
if you want to go to the root directory
 which is like in Windows it's like the
 C directory what you type is CD 
forward slash make sure you put the 
space okay so CD space forward slash
 press Enter and that's gonna take you 
to the root directory. 
      let's type in LS and as you can
 see the root directory has much more 
than your user directory okay again 
but home and sake is inside of root 
root is at the top of everything so 
if you look around carefully you'll 
see the home directory sitting in the 
root directory and if you go in there
 CD home and you type in LS you will 
see your username okay and then CD 
sake then you type in LS and now you're
 back over here this and this match so 
remember this will take you to the root
 of your Linux operating system and 
inside of root you've got all kinds of 
fancy things that you don't want to 
worry about right now so let's do a 
quick recap let's go to the music 
folder CD music so I'm now in the 
music's folder or the directory I'm
going to be using the the word folder
 and directory interchangeably 
interchangeably and they're gonna be
 mean B meaning the same exact thing 
okay so in here let's type in PWD so 
that means prank working directory and
it tells you that you are in fact 
focused on the music folder again if
 you go over here here's the music 
folder if you go to home here's the 
music folder okay it's empty let's 
type in LS to see if it is really 
empty it is in fact empty so next
I'm going to show you how to copy or
 move a file so let's go back CD 
space dot takes us back and do an 
LS and let's say I want to go into 
the Documents folder so I type in CD
 Documents and then type in LS and
 here what I have is I have a test
 file so this is one of the files what 
I want to do what I want to do is I 
want to copy this file and I'm gonna 
use the CP command for that that 
stands for a copy I'm gonna copy this 
test file and I'm going to paste it
 into the same folder with a different 
name so test copy and I'm going to 
press Enter okay just to give you make 
you understand exactly what happens 
so you use the copy command you pick 
the file that you're trying to copy
and then you give it a brand new name 
to create the copy within the same 
folder okay so if I type in LS now you
have the first file test and then 
you've got test copy now how do I 
remove this file you use the RM 
command okay so the RM command is used
to delete file in your current folder.
       so if you type in RM test copy 
and you type in LS as you can see test 
copy is gone and we only have test
 left over now what if I want to copy
 test file and I want to paste it
 into the Downloads folder how do you 
do that okay what you got to do is you 
have type in CP and you take the test 
file and then you have to tell the
computer where do you want to put the
 copy of the test file so remember if 
you go up here we're working under 
home / sake okay so what you want to 
do is you want to do slash home slash
 sake slash downloads and you press 
ENTER and type in LS we still have the
test file right here now             
      let's go back CD doc type in LS 
and let's navigate to the Downloads
 folder and if I type in LS here now
 we've got the file test sitting here
 which we copied over from the
 Documents folder so let's go ahead
 and remove this file from the 
Downloads folder so our M is the 
remove command RM test and remember 
because we are focused in two downloads
 when we do RM test its gonna dump
 it's gonna delete the test file only
 from the Downloads folder because
 that is where we are focused on press
 ENTER type in list one more time LS
 and now there's nothing there left 
so let's go back let's just type in 
PWD and we're back in a home sake okay 
next the next style let's talk about 
making a new folder and deleting the 
new folder so let me launch this right
 here and I'm gonna minimize I'm gonna
 make this a little thinner here okay 
so you can still see what's going on
 one second alright so that's better 
so let's go to my arm My Documents over
 here and let's go to CD documents 
oops Dawkins okay so now we're in the
Documents folder and all we have in 
here is the test file which you can
 see right here let's make a new 
folder so how you make a new folder 
you use the command called MK dir 
press ENTER and it's gonna say some 
kind of error because we were missing 
an operand okay so we were missing the
 new directory we used the command what
 we did not specify the name of the 
directory so you type in MK dere dir 
and then you type in test folder I'm
 gonna use capital letters here okay
 and as you can see over here a test 
folder was created instantly and I 
can actually go into that test folder 
if I wanted to LS and there's nothing 
in there.
           so let's go back CD dot dot
 and let's delete the test folder so 
how do you delete that what you do is 
you using the commune's the command
 rmdir so this one is make directory
 this one is remove directory type in 
test folder and I'm not gonna press
 ENTER take a look over here and let's
come back here and press ENTER and that
directory disappears now if the
directory had something inside it we
cannot delete the directory that has
stuff in it using our m dir okay so
let's uh MK dir make another directory
in the Documents folder and say test ok
so it popped up right here and let's go
inside here and let's just create a new
document ok new doc now if I try to
delete this using rmdir test folder
let's go back here ok so now the test
folder has a file in it it is the new
doc okay if I try to delete this
it's gonna say failed to remove test
directory is not empty so how do you
delete this you have to actually use
 theRM command which is a remove
 command for files but what you do is
 you have to set a new option you have
 to say - R and then you have to type
 in test ok so watch this there's still
 a file in here but it's just gonna 
disappear okay so everything in test 
has been removed so this is how you 
delete folders that have existing files
 inside of them you use the RM command 
you put a space you put a minus R and 
then you put a space and then you put 
the name of the directory right 
underneath and right next to minus
R okay so here it's got a really messy
here so let's use the clear command to
clear the screen real quick and I'm
going to talk about a couple other
commands and we're gonna end the
tutorial here all right so the final
command I want to go over is called a
man command
okay MA and now this stands for manual
manuals okay like like tutorials so when
you don't know what you're doing and you
want to find out more about any command
that you're using you can type in man
space and let's just say the LS command
which is the list command and you press
ENTER it's gonna give you a whole lot of
information regarding the LS command so
you're gonna get the name of the command
which is LS it says list directory
contents okay you get a quick setup
synopsis you get a description of what
the command exactly does and all that
stuff and once you're done reading this
whole thing you just type key Q to quit
okay so let's do one more man and let's
do the CP command which is the copy
command
press ENTER and it says here it copies
files and directories okay and you have
a description here and you can read
through this whole thing and you can
keep pressing enter to get more
information so press ENTER to continue
okay to go all the way but when you're
done you can press Q and it just quits
the manual so that's how you can get
information on any command that you want
in Linux alright and thanks for watching
this video now there are going to be
more Linux tutorials coming soon
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websites and my actual website are 
found
in the description below alright thanks
for watching again and I'll see you the
next time